[Frequency of dysplastic and cancerous Pap smear and genotyping of human papillomavirus by DNA probe techniques in Kerman, Iran]

Around the world, cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women. Today, screening programs have reduced morbidity and mortality rates of this disease. Epidemiological and molecular studies have shown that certain types of the human papillomavirus are carcinogen types and the primary cause of cervical cancer. HPV type 16 and 18 are the most common high-risk types. In this study, frequency of different HPV genotypes in women who referred for a routine visit to an outpatient clinic of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran, has been obtained by DNA probe technique. Our study is a cross-sectional, analytic study on 20000 Pap smear samples over four consecutive years among women in reproductive ages [15-50 years] referred to University centers and private institutions in Kerman, Iran. All samples were collected in the laboratory of Afzalipour, and Bahonar Hospitals, and private institutions. The typical samples of dysplasia and cancer were reviewed by two pathologists and a pathology assistant according to the World Health Organization standards. The samples were examined after DNA extraction and molecular DNA probe technique. 62 cases of 82 Pap smear samples were dysplastic and 20 samples were diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma [SCC]. Moreover, 20 cases [32.2%] of dysplastic Pap smears and 12 cases [60%] of SCC samples were HPV positive. A total of 32 patients [39%] were positive for HPV. Of all samples only two were genotype 18 [25.6%], one was a mixture of 16 and 31 genotypes, and the remaining were all genotype 16 [93.75%]. In the comparison between dysplasia severity [mild, moderate, and severe] and the HPV status [+ or -], and also the relation between age and status of HPV and the severity of dysplasia no relations were found. However, there was a significant relation between detection [dysplasia, SCC] and the HPV status, and also the relation between age and type of lesion diagnosis. Based on the findings of our study and the Iranian culture, prevalence of HPV infection among women with cervical cancer is less common than in other countries. HPV type 16, which is a carcinogenic genotype, was the predominant genotype

[ quality and intensity of labor pain based on McGill pain questionnaire in parturient women admitted in the maternity ward of Afzalipour hospital in Kerman]

Background and Aims: Fear of labor pain is a principal factor in pregnant women's tendency for cesarean section. This study was done to investigate the factors that affect quality and intensity of labor pain in order to decrease the rate of elective cesarean sections

Method: a prospective randomized study was performed on 208 parturient women in Maternity ward of afzalipour Hospital by using McGill Pain Questionnaire

Results: Mean age of participants was 25.23+/-5.54 years old. Comparison of intensity and quality of pain between stage I and Stage II of labor showed higher pain intensity in stage II [P<0.0001]. Nuliparous women reported higher pain intensity during stage II [P=0.002], whereas multiparous women experienced shorter labor [P<0.0001]. In stage II of labor with increase of age, a decrease of labor pain intensity was observed [P<0.001]. There were no significant statistical relationships between labor pain and variables of job, education al level, weight of neonate and number of previous pregnancies in multiparous women. Labor painintensity in women who had prenatal care in obstetrician's clinics was lower than others

Conclusion: Lower intensity of labor pain in women who had prenatal care in obstetrician's clinics emphasizes on the role of obstetricians in recommending vaginal delivery to pregnant women as a physiologic phenomenon

[Comparing the accuracy of ultrasonic, clinical and mother, fetal weight estimation in pregnant women in Kerman]

Estimation of fetal weight is very important in preventing delivery complications and also in selecting delivery method. This is specially important in potential macrosomia, IUGR and also preterm labor. The objective of this study is to compare the accuracy of ultrasonic, clinical and mothers, fetal weight estimation in pregnant women in Kerman. In this cross sectional study 246 women with singleton, term pregnancies admitted for cesarean section within the following week, were studied. Estimation of fetal weight [EFW] was done using sonography and then by two obstetricians and one senior resident who were unaware of the other clinical and ultrasonic results. Mothers' estimation of their baby weight was also asked. Statistical analysis was done by paired T and Chi square tests. We also used ROC [Radar Operating Characteristics] curve to compare the accuracy of different tests. Fetal birth weight was 3339 +/- 443 gr. In the 2500-4000 gr birth weight the sensitivity of predicting clinical birth weight was 11.8% with 99.6% specificity and for sonographic EFW was 12.6% with 92.1% specificity. Clinical estimation of birth weight in term pregnancy is as accurate as routine ultrasonic estimation obtained in the preceding week of delivery

Risk factors for bacterial vaginosis in women attending a hospital in Kerman, Islamic Republic of Iran

Bacterial vaginosis [BV] is the most prevalent form of vaginal disturbances in women of child-bearing age. This study examined the prevalence and risk factors of BV of 130 non-pregnant women attending a hospital of Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Prevalence was 37.7%. Patients with BV had significantly lower educational and socioeconomic levels. They were also more likely to be smokers. The prevalence of BV was higher in patients with a history of abortion but this was not statistically significant. Women using oral contraceptive pills were at a decreased risk of BV; this was statistically significant. There were significant positive associations between BV and a history of vaginal infection, preterm delivery and premature rupture of the membranes. As BV appears quite prevalent in our patients, and considering the various complications associated with it, screening and treatment of high-risk women is suggested

Non-puerperal uterine inversion -a case report

Inversion of the uterus is a rare clinical problem. It is encountered as an obstetric emergency and a diagnostic challenge in gynecology. Non-puerperal inversion usually results from a tumor implanted on fundus of the uterus. Treatment depends on the associated pathology and the stage. A rare case of non-puerperal uterine inversion caused by a large fundal leiomyoma was reported in Bahounar Hospital, Kerman, in a 38 years old woman resulting in severe lower abdominal pain and profuse vaginal bleeding. After incomplete myomectomy, reduce the inversion vaginally was successful and abdominal hysterectomy was performed

[Determination of rubella virus antibodies in pregnant women referring to Kerman Maternity Hospitals in 1999]

Rubella is a viral infection. If it occurs during pregnancy, it's responsible for serious fetal problems. Thus identification and vaccination of sensitive women is very important. This study was done for identification of protective rubella antibody titer [>/= 1 5mIU/ml] in 410 women of maternity hospitals in Kerman city. They were selected among who referred to maternity hospitals in Kerman. Randomized blood samples were collected and evaluated for rubella virus antibodies by ELISA method. Data analysis was done by chi-square test, Fisher exact test and student t-test, Protective rubella antibody titer was positive in 94.6% and negative in only 5.4%. Negative antibody titer in working wives [11.5%] was more than housewives [4.3%] [p<0.05]. There was no significant difference in presence of antibody in regard with age, job, resident place, history of vaccination against rubella and history of rubella infection in herself or her family. Despite of high percent of immunity against rubella among women, it seems protection against it, is not enough. Therefor national vaccination plan was recommended for young women and adults which are not pregnant, or have no plan for getting pregnant 3 months after vaccination, and those who have low immunity against rubella